Hypertension is the state of the body in which the vessels are constantly experiencing increased blood pressure: systolic blood pressure is equal or exceeds 140 mm HG and/or diastolic blood pressure equal or exceeds 90 mm HG.
The diagnosis of "hypertension" is made in cases where, according to pressure measurements made on two different days, the value of systolic pressure on both day equally or exceeds 140 mm RT. Art. And/or the value of diastolic pressure on both days equally or exceeds 90 mm Hg. Art.
The danger of this condition lies in the risk of damage to the heart or blood vessels in other organs, such as the brain and kidneys.
Important: hypertension is the most importantPreventiveThe cause of heart and stroke diseases around the world
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to a heart attack, an increase in the heart and, ultimately, to heart failure. Expansion (aneurysms) may develop in blood vessels and vulnerable places in which blood vessels are more likely to be clogged and torn. The pressure in the blood vessels can lead to hemorrhage in the brain and the development of stroke. Hypertension can also lead to renal failure, blindness and cognitive impairment.
Hypertension is called a "quiet killer. "Most patients with hypertension do not even suspect the problem, since hypertension often does not give anxiety signals and proceeds asymptomatic.
We invite everyone to use the medical program to assess the condition of your cardiovascular system and get advice from all the necessary specialists.
Risk factors for the development of hypertension
Stress, mental and mental overwork
Studies show that hypertension more often people become sick whose vital activity is associated with constant nervous overstrain. So, for example, in residents of large megacities, hypertension is much more common than in people living in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, therefore it is necessary to treat both ailments.
Every fourth man and every fifth woman in the world, blood pressure is increased
Studies show that hypertension more often people become sick whose vital activity is associated with constant nervous overstrain. So, for example, in residents of large megacities, hypertension is much more common than in people living in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, therefore it is necessary to treat both ailments.Complications of hypertension are the cause of 9. 4 million annual cases of death in the world (WHO)
Hypodynamia
Hypodynamia is a decrease in the load on the muscles due to a sedentary lifestyle. A modern city resident is not engaged in physical labor, prefers to use vehicles even at short distances, instead of walking, and spends free time at a computer or TV. Only 1 % is engaged in recreational sports and 5 % do morning gymnastics.
As a result, such a way of life leads to significant changes in all life-supporting systems of the body, especially cardiovascular and nervous.
The combination of hypodynamia and stress makes a person extremely vulnerable to hypertension and its complications. Adrenaline, produced at the time of stress, stimulates the production of glucocorticoids, which, in turn, stimulate the increase in blood sugar and increasing blood pressure.
In an immobilized organism, adrenaline and sugar instead of "burning" with the release of energy, remain in the blood vessels for a long time and lead not only to a long increase in pressure, but also to heart attacks and strokes.
Overweight
In order to determine whether there is excess weight or not, they use the body mass index. It is calculated as the ratio of body weight in kilograms to a square of growth in meters. If the result exceeds 25 kg/sq. m in young and 27 kg/sq. m in older people, but does not exceed 30 kg/sq. m, this means that there is overweight. If the index indicator is above 30 kg/sq. m, then in this case we are talking about clinically pronounced obesity.
More than half of patients with hypertension suffer from obesity.
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease in which an accumulation of excessive amounts of fat in adipose tissue is noted.
Numerous scientific studies have proved that a decrease in excess fat by 5-10% leads to a decrease in increased blood pressure, and an improvement in control over the disease.
Loss of every 5 kg of excess weight can help reduce systolic blood pressure by 2-10 points.
Other risk factors
An unhealthy diet - excessive salt consumption, a significant content of saturated fats and trans fats in food, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits. As well as the use of tobacco and alcohol.
Increased risk factors that are not controlled include hereditary predisposition, age and concomitant diseases, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
Hypertension prevention
Every adult should control his blood pressure. In case of increased pressure, you need to get a consultation with a doctor.
Less than one fifth hypertension control their condition
People with high blood pressure, who also have a high blood sugar, increased blood cholesterol or kidney problems are increased in the risk of heart attack and stroke. Therefore, it is important to regularly check the blood sugar level, blood cholesterol and protein level in the urine.
To minimize the risk of high blood pressure and its adverse consequences, everyone can take a number of specific steps:
Mental balance
Soul well -being and positive emotional state are indispensable conditions for maintaining health. What is especially important for patients with hypertension or predisposed to its development, becauseThe disease is directly related to an inadequate reaction to stress.
It is necessary to learn how to manage stress in such healthy ways as meditation, various types of psychotherapy and positive social contacts.
Specialists of the Cardiology Center: Neurologists, psychotherapists, cardiologists will give comprehensive recommendations and teach to confront stress.
Walks in a fairy forest surrounding a sanatorium and outdoor activities will give you a good charge of vigor. Acquaintance with local attractions will give you spiritual balance.
Physical activity
The second component of the prevention of hypertension is sufficient motor activity, without which we all suffer from the manifestations of hypodynamia to varying degrees.
For a city resident, it will be optimal to walk daily at least 1 hour in the conditions of a forest park zone.
In the Cardiological Sanitary Center, under the program, dosed walking, mechanotherapy in the gym, group aquaerobic in the pool are held as part of the program, and city -based competitions are held.
Patients with the already showing disease should engage in physiotherapy exercises.
It is necessary to adhere to the regime of rational alternation of labor and rest. Any type of overwork should not be allowed, both mental and physical.
A healthy physiological dream is of great importance, in which the body rests from all loads. Patients at the initial stage of hypertension should sleep at least 8-9 hours a day.
Healthy diet
In the prevention of hypertension, proper nutrition or diet with clinically expressed forms of the disease is of great importance.
Carbohydrates
Here you should give preference to vegetables and fruits, as this will allow you to receive a sufficient amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals.
Squirrels
When choosing proteins, you should refuse or limit meat products in favor of dairy and vegetable.
Fat
The total intake of fats should be reduced. Try to replace animal fats with vegetables, and among animal fats should be more fish.
A medicine for patients with hypertension can be a diet with a restriction of table salt. No more than 5 g (slightly less than one teaspoon) are allowed per day, which greatly facilitates control over the level of blood pressure.
Maintain normal weight
Reducing overweight or treatment of obesity is the main factor that can lead to satisfactory control over blood pressure and even in some cases abandon the drug correction of the latter.
An effective means for normalizing weight is diet therapy and various types of physical activity.
Rejection of bad habits
If a person is prone to drinking alcohol in large doses, smokes, then the risk of hypertension increases repeatedly.
Reception of alcohol promotes spasm of peripheral vessels and increased pressure due to the growth of vascular resistance.
After smoking, the cholesterol level increases, which is due to the intake of a large amount of adrenaline and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. There is even such a medical term - nicotine hypertension.
Physical methods for the prevention of development and exacerbations of hypertension
Hydrotherapy
Aquatic water (hydrotherapy) is a powerful means of healing, prevention and treatment of hypertension. Water can affect the body as a temperature, mechanical or chemical stimulus, and the choice depends on the need for a particular factor of exposure.
The temperature factor is the most important in choosing a hydrotherapy. The capillaries of the skin expand and narrow in response to the effects of water of various temperatures. In this case, there is either an increase in blood flow or its decrease. Cold water also leads to a slowdown and increased heart contractions and increases blood pressure. Hot water reduces pressure, accelerates the heartbeat and weakens heart contractions
Most often, to prevent exacerbations of hypertension, the water of the indifferent temperature is used, which is indicated for excessive nervous excitability, irritability, heart disorders, insomnia.
Hydrotherapy procedures for hypertension of the III stage are contraindicated.
Before using water procedures in as a treatment, you should consult a doctor.
For hypertension of stages I-II, rain, dust and circular shower is used using water indifferent or warm with moderate pressure of water jets.
Baths can be common and local, for hypertension, they are used for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Medicinal baths for hypertension are limited to the use of coniferous extract.
Drug electrophoresis
This is the use of galvanic current for the purpose of intestatic non -invasive administration of various drugs. Under the influence of the galvanic current, ions of drugs enter the skin and are delayed under the anode area, which creates a kind of medicinal depot. The drug enters the bloodstream quite slowly, which increases the duration of its effect on the body. The body also affects the positive effects of galvanic current.
Electrophoresis is indicated in the initial stages of hypertension. At the III stage, it is contraindicated. The contraindications are neoplasms, acute inflammatory processes of any localization, impaired blood coagulation processes, pronounced atherosclerosis, decompensated diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, pregnancy, individual intolerance to galvanic current.
Specialized centers use various types of physiotherapy under the control of specialists.
Medical physical education (exercise therapy)
Media physical education is used at all stages of hypertension for the prevention of hypertensive crises and complications of the disease. It includes any affordable types of physical exercises - dosed walking, morning gymnastics, terrenur, and swimming.
"Physical exercises can replace many drugs, but not a single medicine in the world can replace physical exercises"
The best way of prevention is the morning gymnastics or charging, which allows you to prepare the body for the labor day, stimulates the processes of the nervous regulation of blood circulation and the reactivity of the vascular system as a whole.
If the disease has already developed, then you should add a daily complex of therapeutic gymnastics to morning gymnastics.
The centers conduct individual and group classes of physiotherapy exercises under the guidance of professional instructors of the exercise therapy.
Drug therapy
The selection of drugs for the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of hypertension should be carried out only by a doctor.
Drug therapy becomes necessary already at the second stage of the disease, when blood pressure reaches significant indicators with regular measurement.
The basic principle isindividualSelection of antihypertensive drugs for each patient.
Dear readers, articles are introductory in nature. Before applying recommendations, you need to consult a doctor.